A24 - Crises de territoires, territoire en crise 2/3

Closure of the Tunisian-Libyan border remained a subject of conflict since modern times. Despite the different factors, actors and circumstances, it is still the subject of continuous crises between the two countries. With the political events that took place in the two countries in 2011, the weakening of power in Tunisia and the absence of the government in Libya, conflicts broke out between armed militias to monitor the Ras Al-Jdir post from the Libyan side. The border crisis will come back with multiple closures since 2012. For different periods and various reasons, most of them were related to security aspects and social movements of border regions on both sides. Furthermore, the Covid-19 pandemic played a role in the Tunisian-Libyan border crisis, stretching closures some of which lasted up to 8 months. This has contributed to the decline in activity and the aggravation of economic and social conditions in the town of Ben Guerdane. Popular protests became frequent, which deepened the crisis and disrupted trade between Tunisia and Libya several times.

Ein Drahem is characterized by several natural and human unique features. This peripheral and border area has been, throughout history, quite unique in its natural and ecological characteristics and one of Tunisia's oldest populated regions. Despite its rough terrain and harsh climate, this mountainous region managed to be a hub for human settlement and to provide its daily needs, thanks to inherited local economic practices of which smuggling is a main component. In this paper, we will attempt to tackle the effect of Covid on smuggling in the region and how the actors in this field adapted with the situation. We will also study the strategies they used to overcome this crisis. In the end, we will try to suggest solutions and development alternatives that go with the uniqueness of the region and valorize its natural features and cultural heritage.

In Tunisia, since the revolution of dignity or even that of Jasmine in 2011, the majority of popular cities have experienced demonstrations. The latter were sometimes peaceful but most of the time violent. Ettadhamen City is 6 km from Downtown Tunis, administratively located in the governorate of Ariana and attached to the Tunisian agglomération. According to the last census of 2014, this district is home to 84,312 inhabitants, or nearly 3.19% of Tunisians, living on an area that does not exceed 3.5 km2 with a density of 24,776 inhabitants / km2. As a result, this area is the most populated in Tunisia. During this last decade (2011-2021), the inhabitants of this district protested their poor living conditions. These packs are successive and multiple. They reflect a socio-economic crisis which is worsening following the spread of the “Covid 19” pandemic. In this research we try to understand the characteristics of the Ettadhamen City. How does the socio-economic crisis manifest itself in this district? What are the remedies to overcome the crisis? 

Over Centuries, the medina of Kairouan has been frozen, inert, fossilized and inanimate. Locked behind its wall, the medina of Kairouan suffers a shortage of accessibility, thus isolated and also removed from the program schedule of the development and development projects affecting the rest of the urban space. Who are the agents and actors of this paralysis? How can we correct this imbalance and direct the Development of this space ? How to make the historical city of Kairouan a sustainable city; able to maintain itself over time?